Author: Dr Mark Stephany, SOUND HSA Advisor

Healthcare in the United States can feel like a maze—filled with surprise bills, redundant tests, and costly prescriptions. As a physician, I see firsthand how well-meaning patients can rack up unnecessary medical expenses simply because the system isn’t designed with transparency or simplicity in mind. The good news is that with a few strategies, you can protect both your health and your wallet.

1. Ask “Is this test or scan necessary?”

While additional labs or radiological tests may be reassuring if not absolutely necessary, their costs can add up. It is important to understand why your physician is wanting to order specific tests and how the results of those tests will affect your care.

  • “Will the results change my management or treatment?”
  • “Are there alternatives such as watchful waiting or lifestyle modification?”

This does not have to be an adversarial conversation. Rather, having a better understanding of why certain tests are being recommended will allow you to better advocate for yourself, which only helps your physician to provide better care.

2. Get familiar with your insurance before you need it

Know your deductible, copay, network, and out-of-pocket maximums. It’s tedious, but understanding what’s covered helps you avoid unexpected bills. If you have a high-deductible plan, consider pairing it with a Health Savings Account (HSA)–these accounts let you save tax-free for future medical expenses and can even serve as an investment vehicle for retirement.

3. Choose the right site of care

The same service can vary dramatically in cost depending on where it’s done.

  • Urgent care is often far cheaper than the emergency department for non-life-threatening issues.
  • Independent imaging centers typically charge much less than hospital-based facilities.

When in doubt, call your insurer or use a price transparency tool to compare options in your area.

4. Bring your medication list and review it regularly

Polypharmacy (taking multiple medications) is a major driver of unnecessary cost and side effects. Ask your clinician or pharmacist to review all your medications including over-the-counter and supplements at least once a year. You may find opportunities to simplify your regimen or switch to generics.

5. Prioritize prevention

An ounce of prevention truly is worth a pound of cure. Investing in regular exercise, good nutrition, quality sleep, and stress management may feel mundane, but these are the most powerful (and least expensive) interventions we have. Preventing chronic disease is the ultimate cost saver.

6. Get a second opinion for high-stakes decisions

If you’re facing surgery, a costly procedure, or a lifelong medication, seek another medical opinion. Many insurance plans cover it, and digital second-opinion services are expanding. A fresh perspective can confirm the necessity, or reveal better, less invasive options.

7. Take advantage of transparent, direct-pay options

A growing number of clinicians and labs offer cash-pay or membership-based services that bypass the administrative bloat of traditional insurance. You might pay $100 for a visit that would otherwise generate a $400 bill. These models promote upfront pricing and often more personalized care.

8. Build a long-term relationship with a trusted clinician

Continuity matters. A doctor who knows your history can prevent redundant testing, catch problems early, and guide you toward the right care setting. Think of it as having a medical “quarterback” to help you navigate a fragmented system.

Ultimately, reducing your medical costs requires engagement on your part because there is little incentive to reduce costs from payers or providers. While this may seem daunting it does not have to be. The most important thing to remember is that you are advocating for yourself and your care. Asking the right questions and being comfortable with your care plan will reduce the likelihood of unnecessary medical bills.